The Family Tree as Living Memory: How Rituals Keep Our Ancestry Alive

Screenshot of the Oracle interactive entity that holds all the information about your ancestors.

by PhD candidate Gulzan Dossanova Introduction: More Than Just Names on Paper

When we think of a family tree, we often imagine a static chart—a dusty record of names and dates used to trace biological links. But from an anthropological perspective, a genealogy is much more than that. It is a dynamic, living structure that we constantly recreate, interpret, and update through our daily lives.

Ancestry isn't just about whom we are related to; it’s about how we perform those relationships. This is what I call "living memory," and nowhere is it more visible than in our rituals.

The Kazakh Tradition of "Shezhire"

To understand how genealogy lives, we can look at the Kazakh culture and the phenomenon of Shezhire.

Unlike Western genealogical records that often sit in archives, Shezhire is a narrative system. It is a "sacred" form of collective memory that connects history, family legends, and social identity. For a long time, especially during the Soviet era, these traditions were pushed into the private sphere of the home. Today, however, they are seeing a powerful revival.

In Kazakhstan, there is a vital principle called Zhety Ata (Seven Ancestors). It dictates that every individual should know their ancestors back at least seven generations. This isn’t just a fun fact for reunions; it is a cultural competency that regulates social status and even marriage rules.

Weddings: The Merging of Two Lines

A wedding is never just about two people falling in love. Anthropologically, it is the moment two distinct genealogical lines collide and merge.

In the Kazakh context, the knowledge of Zhety Ata is crucial—it determines if a marriage is even permissible. During the ceremony, the family trees are "activated." As families meet, they discuss, argue, and confirm their lineages. The wedding becomes a stage where the Shezhire is updated for a new generation.

Funerals: Confirming Continuity

If a wedding expands the family tree, the funeral ensures its survival. The death of an individual does not mean the end of their social existence; rather, it is a transformation.

During funeral rituals, the wider kinship network gathers, making the genealogical structure visible to everyone. We share memories and re-articulate the bonds between different branches of the family. The deceased is not "gone" in the social sense—they are symbolically integrated into the long line of ancestors. As anthropologist Victor Turner suggested, these rituals are "liminal" moments. They break our normal routine to remind us that we belong to something much larger than ourselves.

Conclusion: Genealogy as a Process

The key takeaway from my research is this: A family tree is not an artifact; it is a process. Whether through the oral storytelling of the Kazakhs or our own modern family traditions, genealogy exists in the act of telling. It is "living memory" that anchors us in the present while reaching back into the past and forward into the future.

Knowing where we come from isn't about looking backward—it’s about understanding the living network of relationships that makes us who we are today.

by Gulzan Dossanova, PhD student, study program: Ethnology and cultural anthropology (P0314D250006)

Institute of Ethnology and Central European and Balkan Studies

Faculty of Arts, Charles University